Martínez will replace Kasper Hjulmand from 1 July after Leverkusen narrowly missed out on UEFA Champions League qualification at the end of 2025/26.
The 42-year-old is fresh off a notable three-year stint at Toulouse, where he became known for a fluid style of play and youth-centric approach -having developed as a coach at Barcelona's prestigious La Masia youth academy between 2015 and 2020.
Speaking on the Spaniard's appointment, Leverkusen's managing director for sport Simon Rolfes said: "We carefully considered which coach would be the best fit for Bayer 04's next phase of development. At Toulouse, Carles Martínez successfully developed numerous young players and shaped an internationally diverse squad into a strong and cohesive team."